Covid infection levels in England have remained stable for a second week. The overall Covid risk level remains High, with 1 in every 158 people in England infected as of 1 November. Full precautions, including a PPE mask, remain strongly recommended in ALL indoor places.
Influenza (flu) levels in England continue to increase as the winter flu wave continues to build, but slower than would be expected based on previous waves. This does not mean that a smaller wave is coming, just that it may take longer to reach a peak. The risk from flu is rising, and precautions should be taken accordingly.
Analysis
Covid infection levels in England have numerically fallen very slightly this week, but this fall may be a temporary pause. Overall, the safest interpretation is that Covid levels remain high and stable. Do not be misled by people saying that the Covid wave has ‘peaked’ or is ‘over’: the risk of catching Covid in the community remains high.
BuDS continues to strongly recommend that anyone offered the free NHS Covid vaccine booster accepts it as soon as possible. We also ask that everyone consider whether they can afford a private Covid booster. The booster primes your immune system to be ready for the Covid variants now in circulation and could prevent severe illness or hospitalisation.
The expected winter wave of flu (influenza) is still building up across England. If you haven’t already, now is definitely the time to get your flu vaccine, if you are eligible. The flu vaccine will significantly reduce your risk of severe illness or hospitalisation by priming your immune system to be ready for the influenza variants now in circulation.
Marking 300
In the first week of December 2026, BuDS will publish our 300th Covid risk assessment since the pandemic began. Our first article about Covid was published on 18 March 2020, only two days after the then PM, Boris Johnson, said that people should start limiting non-essential contact and travel, and five days before the first UK national lockdown was announced. Our first Covid risk assessment as such was published on 5 July 2020, coinciding with the first ‘local lockdowns’ in certain parts of the country. We’ve published a Covid risk assessment every week (or sometimes every two weeks) ever since, as well as hundreds of articles. Since 2022, we’ve never received any grant funding for any of this work.
To mark our 300th risk assessment, we’ll be publishing some articles looking back at the history of the pandemic and BuDS’ work, and tracing how the risk from Covid has changed over the last six years. We’ll also publish some thoughts about the future risk and how people can keep themselves safe indefinitely. And we will launch a special 300 Appeal, asking people to donate multiples of 300 pence (or pounds, if you’re feeling ultra-generous) to fund our Covid work for the long-term.
Mask Up!
Back in today’s world, the BuDS Covid risk level is still High. Accordingly, we recommend that everyone take full precautions, including a PPE mask, in ALL indoor places. Full details can be found in the table below.
BuDS Has Your Back
Our aim is to help Covid-Cautious people continue to engage safely in society while Covid levels are high. Obviously, these are only our recommendations, and everyone is free to choose the level of Covid precaution that feels right for them. We only advise on infection risk (how likely it is that you will meet someone with Covid), not on how serious a Covid infection might be for you.
Managing Your Risk
Covid is an airborne virus. This means that it mainly spreads in the air that you breathe.
Things you can do to protect yourself against Covid infection include:
- Wearing a PPE respiratory mask indoors. Worn correctly, respiratory PPE masks (rated FFP2/FFP3 or N95/99) filter airborne viruses out of the air that you breathe.
- Improving fresh air ventilation. Fresh air, especially moving fresh air, very effectively dilutes and breaks up the clouds of Covid virus in the air, making it less likely that you will inhale enough virus to catch Covid. A CO2 monitor will help you understand how fresh or recirculated indoor air is – the lower the CO2, the better.
- Using a HEPA filter. HEPA filters suck in the air, filter out viruses like Covid (and other particles), and blow out clean air. HEPA filters are very useful in cleaning the air in rooms with poor fresh air ventilation.
- Avoiding higher-risk areas. If you don’t go to areas where there is likely to be a lot of virus, you won’t catch it.
- Enjoy the outdoors. It is extremely difficult to catch Covid outside, because the fresh moving air immediately disrupts and dilutes the Covid virus which other people may breathe out. As long as you are not in a dense crowd of people who are breathing directly into your face, you do not need to take precautions against catching Covid outdoors.
Detailed Covid Infection Risk Analysis
| Infection Risk | Places | Infection Risk factors | Likely number of Covid infected people on a single visit/journey this week | Risk mitigations (things you can do to protect yourself) |
| Highest | Hospitals & other healthcare buildings. Education settings such as schools and colleges. Public transport including buses and trains and the London Underground. Very large indoor stadiums or theatres. | Used by people who are much more likely to have Covid. Used by very large numbers of people. | In healthcare and education settings, the risk of encountering a Covid-infected person is high, even if there are not large numbers of users. In very large indoor spaces, you are statistically likely to encounter 19 to 31 infected people every time you visit. | Minimise visits. Maximise fresh air ventilation (open windows if possible, etc). DANGER: We strongly recommend that everyone wears a PPE respiratory mask (FFP2/3 rated) on every visit to these places in view of the higher infection risk. |
| High | Large cinemas & theatres. Large indoor performing arts venues. Large indoor shopping centres | Used by large numbers of people. | You are statistically likely to encounter 6 to 19 infected people every time you visit. | Minimise visits. Maximise fresh air ventilation (open windows if possible, etc). DANGER: We strongly recommend that everyone wears a PPE respiratory mask (FFP2/3 rated) on every visit to these places in view of the higher infection risk. |
| Medium-High | Larger bars and clubs, Larger supermarkets. Local indoor shopping centres. Large office buildings. | Used by large numbers of people | You are statistically likely to encounter 5 to 10 infected people every time you visit. | Minimise visits. Maximise fresh air ventilation (open windows if possible, etc). DANGER: We recommend that everyone wears a PPE respiratory mask (FFP2/3 rated) on every visit to these places in view of the higher infection risk. |
| Medium | Medium-sized pubs, bars, clubs, and restaurants Average sized supermarkets. Smaller offices. Individual larger shops Large indoor heritage or tourism destinations. | Used by medium numbers of people | You are statistically likely to encounter 2 to 4 infected people every time you visit. | Minimise visits. Maximise fresh air ventilation (open windows if possible, etc). DANGER: We recommend that everyone wears a PPE respiratory mask (FFP2/3 rated) on every visit to these places in view of the higher infection risk. |
| Medium-Low | Smaller cinemas, theatres, & performing arts venues. Smaller hotels. Larger individual restaurants. Smaller supermarkets. town Most heritage destinations, eg museums, galleries etc | Used by lower numbers of people. | You are statistically likely to encounter 1 infected person every time you visit. | Minimise visits. Maximise fresh air ventilation (open windows if possible, etc). DANGER: We recommend that everyone wears a PPE respiratory mask (FFP2/3 rated) on every visit to these places in view of the higher infection risk. |
| Lower | Small pubs, bars & cafes. Small individual shops. Infrequently used buildings e.g. churches (outside of services). Buildings which, at the time of visit, have few people inside them. | Used by small numbers of people. | You are statistically unlikely to encounter an infected person, even on multiple visits (although this risk cannot be excluded). After 3 to 6 visits, statistically you are likely to encounter one infected person over all of those visits. | Minimise visits. Maximise fresh air ventilation (open windows if possible, etc). CAUTION: Covid-cautious people using these spaces will wish to use a PPE respiratory mask. Some people may feel it is still safe enough for them to remain unmasked in these small spaces However, remember that Covid may hang in the air in unventilated indoor places and cause an infection even if there is only a few, or even nobody, present. |
| Lowest | Outdoors (except when in a dense crowd) | The moving fresh air makes transmission of Covid from one person to another unlikely, except where two people are very close together. | The number of infected people is less relevant because the risk of transmission of Covid from one person to another outdoors is unlikely. | SAFEST: No precautions needed but avoid very close contact (under 1m) with potentially infected people. For complete peace of mind, remain 2m from potentially infected people. |
More Information
This is BuDS’ 296th Covid risk assessment since the beginning of the pandemic. BuDS is the only organisation publishing free risk data for disabled and Covid-cautious people in England. We will update you on the situation again next week.
If you’d like to get our weekly Covid risk assessments direct to your email inbox, you can subscribe here: https://budscovidinfo.substack.com/. (The paid and free subscriptions are exactly the same, but choosing a paid one gives us a small, regular donation to support our work.)
To understand more about our Covid risk levels and what they mean, use this link: https://buds.org.uk/covid-19-risk-levels-in-bucks/
BuDS is not funded by grants to publish these weekly reports. To make a donation to help us continue these risk assessments, use this link: https://www.peoplesfundraising.com/fundraising/buds-covid-information-project-2026
For more Covid information and help, or if you’d like to know more about how we calculate risk, please contact BuDS and we will be happy to help.